' Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique.' Environmental Ethics, 1989. ' Deep Ecology.' Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy, vol. ' Response to Bron Taylor's criticisms of my review of Ecological Resistance Movements.' Trumpeter, 1996. SAGE Reference/CQ Press, 2016.ĭevall, Bill. ' The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement.' Open Air Philosophy.īurgess, Susan, and Kate Leeman. ' The Deep Ecology Movement: Origins, Development, and Future Prospects (Toward a Transpersonal Ecosophy)' International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, vol. Spinoza and Deep Ecology: Challenging Traditional Approaches to Environmentalism. Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to participate in the attempt to implement the necessary changes.ĭe Jonge, Eccy.There will be a profound awareness of the difference between big and great. The ideological change is mainly that of appreciating life quality (dwelling in situations of inherent worth) rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living.The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present. The changes in policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures. The flourishing of nonhuman life requires such a decrease. The flourishing of human life and cultures is compatible with a substantial decrease in the human population.Present human interference with the nonhuman world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening.Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.Richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and are also values in themselves.These values are independent of the usefulness of the nonhuman world for human purposes. The well-being and flourishing of human and nonhuman life on Earth have value in themselves (synonyms: inherent worth, intrinsic value, inherent value).

The Ecology of Wisdom by Arne Næss